Humantohuman spread may be either by sexual or nonsexual transmission, including transplantation of hhv8 contaminated bone marrow and organs pica and volpi, 2007. Human herpesviruses are a family of viruses that cause important childhood illnesses. Dec 15, 2016 immunocompetent hhv 8 infected adults frequently shed hhv 8 in their oropharyngeal secretions. Characterization of entry mechanisms of human herpesvirus 8 by. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8 is thought to be highly prevalent in mediterranean countries and subsaharan africa, where it causes kaposis sarcoma in a small proportion of infected immunocompetent. Kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus cas no none assigned known to be a human carcinogen also known as kshv or human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8 carcinogenicity kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshv is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence from studies in humans. An additional route is via blood contact among injection drug users. Both epsteinbarr virus ebv and hhv 8 belong to the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, and the latter is classified as a human g2herpesvirus. This virus causes kaposis sarcoma, a cancer commonly occurring in aids. Subsequently, several other conditions, such as primary effusion lymphoma pel, also known as body cavity based lymphoma and castlemans disease cd, were also linked to this virus. Human herpesvirus 6 hhv6, human herpes virus 7 hhv7 and human herpesvirus 8 hhv8, also known as kshv for kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus were discovered in 1986, 1990 and 1994 respectively. See virology, epidemiology, and transmission of human herpesvirus 8 infection and disease associations of human herpesvirus 8 infection.
Human herpesvirus 8 and iron staining are useful in differentiating kaposi sarcoma from interstitial granuloma annulare. Presence of human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 dna sequences in. Sep 15, 2001 at the time, hhv6 was the first new human herpesvirus to be discovered in roughly a quarter of a century, and its isolation marked the beginning of an era of discovery in herpesvirology, with the identification of hhv7 and hhv8 kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus during the following decade. A herpesvirus that contributes to the development of kaposi sarcoma, an otherwise rare form of cancer sometimes seen in aids patients, and to some bcell lymphomas. Spectrum of kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus, or human. The full hhv8 genome has been cloned, and its dna sequence has been determined.
Human herpesvirus8associated lymphoma of the bowel in human immunodeficiency viruspositive patients without history of primary effusion lymphoma. Since it was first identified in ks and is linked to this disease, it is thus termed kshv. The genome is a linear, doublestranded dna of about 165 to 170 kilobases in length. Dna sequences unique to this virus are regularly found in ks specimens from hivnegative people as well. Novel human herpesviruses human herpesviruses 6, 7 and 8. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 hhv8 dna sequences found in biopsy specimens of patients with kaposis sarcoma or kaposis sarcomaassociated herpes virus kshv kaposis sarcoma is an opportunistic disease associated with aids patients. Human herpesvirus 6, hhv7, and hhv8 have provided new insights in some dermatological diseases. Human herpesvirus type 8 hhv 8, also known as kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshv is a new member of the gherpesvirus family. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8, kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus, kshv was identified from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aidsassociated kaposis sarcoma in 1994. Human herpesvirus 7 hhv7 hhv7 is a recently 1990 described tlymphotropic. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8 associated with small noncleaved cell lymphoma in a child with aids.
British hiv association guidelines for hivassociated malignancies 2008 bower m, collins s, cottrill c, et al. We have cloned and characterized the human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 gene, ks sm. Human herpes virus 6 and roseola pediatrics clerkship. Pdf human herpesvirus 8 dna sequences in classic kaposis.
This novel herpesvirus has and continues to present challenges to define its scope of involvement in human disease. Kaposis sarcoma ks is the most common oral malignancy of. The family name is derived from the greek word herpein to creep, referring to spreading cutaneous lesions, usually involving blisters, seen in flares. The virus is also associated with several uncommon lymphoproliferative syndromes in aids patients, including multicentric. The three novel human herpesviruses hhv 6, 7, and 8 are predominantly, but not exclusively, lymphotropic. Like other herpesviruses, its informal names are used interchangeably with its formal ictv name.
Transcription mapping of the kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus human herpesvirus 8 genome in a body cavitybased lymphoma cell line bc1. Human herpesvirus 7 an overview sciencedirect topics. Similar to hhv6, including the ability to cause at least some cases of exanthem subitum roseola infantum. Discovered in 1994 in patients with kaposis sarcoma.
Roseola, also called exanthem subitum and sixth disease, is a common, contagious viral infection caused by the human herpesvirus hhv 6. Of the viruses that infect humans, hhv8 is most closely related to the gammaherpesvirus ebv. Published research on a new human herpesvirus, kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshv or human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 grows increasingly confusing. Roseola occurs most often in children aged 6 to 24 months. It infects almost all children by 3yo and persists lifelong, with the shedding of infectious virus in saliva. The family name is derived from the greek word herpein to creep, referring to spreading cutaneous lesions, usually involving blisters, seen in flares of herpes simplex 1, herpes simplex 2 and herpes zoster shingles.
Roseola is classically characterized by 35 days of high fever that resolves abruptly and is followed by a characteristic rash. The newly discovered human herpesvirus, kaposis sarcoma ks associated. The regional medical laboratory immunohistochemistry lab has recently added an antibody which detects human herpesvirus 8. The kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus human herpesvirus8 in kaposis. Human herpesvirus 6 clinical infectious diseases oxford. Human herpes virus6 hhv6 is one of the causative agents of the common childhood disease, roseola. In an attempt to elucidate their neurotropism in vivo, viral dna sequences present in fresh autopsy cortical brain tissues obtained from 84 consecutive chinese subjects mean age, 66. Human herpesvirus 5 definition of human herpesvirus 5 by. Definition of human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 medicinenet.
Lymph nodes from 44 patients with castleman disease cd without risk factors for hiv infection were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction pcr, in situ hybridization ish, and immunohistochemical analysis for human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8 and viral interleukin6 vil6. Human herpesvirus 8 has also been found in classic, endemic, and transplantrelated forms of the disease. It acts together with hhv6 to cause the childhood illness, roseola. Expression of human herpesvirus 8 in primary pulmonary. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8positive plasmablastic lymphoma is a disease which correlates with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 and the etiopathogenesis of kaposis.
Human herpesvirus8kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus is a new transmissible virus that infects b cells. Although the majority of pediatric ks cases occur in subsaharan africa, a rise in pediatric. Overview of herpesvirus infections infectious diseases. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8, also known as kaposis sarcomaassociated. The predominant route of hhv 8 transmission is sexual. In contrast to other herpesviruses which are not associated with malignancy, epsteinbarr virus ebv and human herpesvirus type 8 hhv8, also known as kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshv, can cause certain cancers.
Human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8, also called kaposis sarcomaassociated virus, is a recently discovered human tumor virus. Primary human herpesvirus 8 infection in immunocompetent children. The full hhv 8 genome has been cloned, and its dna sequence has been determined. Many studies of this virus are based on pcr, which can give falsepositive contamination readings, even under the most stringent control conditions, as has happened in our own laboratory. En art inom slaktet rhadinovirus och underfamiljen gammaherpesvirinae som isolerats fran patienter med aidsassocierat och klassiskt kaposis sarkom. In immunocompromised patients, hhv6 reactivation can cause lifethreatening diseases such as myocarditis, liver. Baseline data from the explore study corey casper, d. In 1994, chang and moore reported on the latest of the gammaherpesviruses to infect humans, human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8 1. Human herpesvirus 8 in healthy blood donors, argentina cdc. A large portion 90% of the population is infected with hhv early in life, at which time the virus can cause a mild, selflimited syndrome called roseola. Epsteinbarr virus ebv, herpesvirus that is the major cause of infectious mononucleosis mononucleosis, infectious, acute infectious disease of older children and young adults, occurring sporadically or in epidemic form, also known as mono, glandular fever, and kissing disease. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 is thought to be highly prevalent in mediterranean countries and subsaharan africa, where it causes kaposis sarcoma in a small proportion of infected immunocompetent.
Hhv7 is ubiquitous worldwide, and approximately 70% of children by the age of 4 years contract infection via droplets or breast milk. Both epsteinbarr virus ebv and hhv8 belong to the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, and the latter is classified as a human g2herpesvirus. Recent evidence about human herpesvirus 8 dna sequences in kaposis sarcoma patients with or without hiv infection indicates the possible impact of this virus in etiopathogenesis of this disease. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Hhv6 has been associated with other clinical presentations in children, including fever without a rash, febrile. Lymph nodes from 44 patients with castleman disease cd without risk factors for hiv infection were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction pcr, in situ hybridization ish, and immunohistochemical analysis for human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 and viral interleukin6 vil6. It may also exist in a circular episomal form during latency.
It is an unusual herpesvirus in that it carries a large. Pdf human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 is causally associated with kaposis sarcoma, primary effusion. Both epsteinbarr virus ebv and hhv 8 belong to the gamma herpesvirus subfamily, and the latter is classified as a human g2 herpesvirus 25. However, hhv 8 shares a greater degree of homology. Luca di alberti and colleagues1 report the presence of hhv8 open reading frame 26 dna in all of eight lung tissues samples and in 26 of 27 96% lymphnode samples from patients with sarcoidosis, but they detected these sequences from kaposis sarcoma tissue in only ten of 16 63% samples. Alpha herpesviruses o herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 o varicellazoster virus human herpesvirus 3 beta herpesvirus o cytomegalovirus human herpesvirus 5 o human. The first disease associated with human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 infection was kaposi sarcoma ks. This conclusion is based on evidence from epidemiological. Human herpesvirus 8 definition of human herpesvirus 8 by. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 is associated with kaposi sarcoma ks, multicentric castleman disease mcd, and primary effusion lymphoma pel which occur almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients. Human herpesvirus 7 was isolated from activated t lymphocytes of a healthy donor. Of the viruses that infect humans, hhv 8 is most closely related to the gamma herpesvirus ebv. Pdf laboratory diagnosis of human herpesvirus 8 infection in. Human herpesvirus 8 genotype e in patients with kaposi.
Diagnosis the development of diagnostic testing for human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8 has been hampered by the lack of a cell line that can serve as a culture system for isolating the virus from tissue or. In retrospect, hhv8 is an ancient human infection having entered human populations thousands of years. In 1994, chang and moore reported on the latest of the gammaherpesviruses to infect humans, human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 1. Pmc free article neipel f, albrecht jc, fleckenstein b. Atoz guide from diagnosis to treatment to prevention. Human herpesvirus 7 hhv7 is one of eight known members of the herpesviridae family.
Human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 from a dermatologic. The members of this family are also known as herpesviruses. Costes v, faumont n, cesarman e, rousset t, meggetto f, delsol g, brousset p. Human herpesvirus 8 is likely an etiological agent in the oncogenesis of kaposis sarcoma. Human herpesvirus 8 disease pediatric opportunistic. The human herpesvirus 8 homolog of epsteinbarr virus sm protein. Human to human spread may be either by sexual or nonsexual transmission, including transplantation of hhv 8 contaminated bone marrow and organs pica and volpi, 2007.
Images of kaposi sarcomahuman herpesvirus 8, from the va hivaids website. To determine human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8 k1 genotypes in patients with kaposi sarcoma ks from peru, we characterized hhv 8 in 25 ks biopsy samples. Hhv 8 has been detected in aidsassociated and nonaidsassociated. The pathobiology of kaposis sarcoma ks retraces the history of modern viral oncology. Patient presenting with tumors suggestive of human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 infection. A populationbased study of primary human herpesvirus 6 infection. This strain of the herpes virus is different than the one that causes cold sores or genital herpes infections. Herpesviridae is a large family of dna viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. Epsteinbarr virus and human herpesvirus 8associated. Kaposis sarcoma herpesvirus human herpesvirus8 kshv. Analysis of the human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 genome and hhv8.
Novel human herpesviruses human herpesviruses 6, 7 and 8 henri agut i, nicolas dupin j, jean thievry aubin and vincent cabex virology laboratory, cnrs ep57, cervi, pitiksalpetri2re hospital, and 2department of dermatology, tarnier hospital, paris, france the number of members in the family herpesviridae has increased in the last 10 years due to the description of three. Of the viruses that infect humans, hhv 8 is most closely related to the gammaherpesvirus ebv. Kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshv references. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8, also called kaposis sarcomaassociated virus, is a recently discovered human tumor virus. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8, kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus, kshv was identified from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aidsassociated kaposis sarcoma in 1994. Kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshv is the ninth known human herpesvirus. Human herpesvi rus 8 hhv8, or kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus, is.
Human herpesvirus 8 synonyms, human herpesvirus 8 pronunciation, human herpesvirus 8 translation, english dictionary definition of human herpesvirus 8. Herpesvirus 8, human herpesvirus 8, humant svensk definition. Although new studies are needed, they may have a profound impact on dermatology in the years to. Analysis of the human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 genome and hhv. Human herpesvirus8, kaposi sarcoma, and aidsassociated. Our findings of 8 a, 1 b, 14 c, and 2 e subtypes showed high hhv 8 diversity in these patients and association between e genotype and ks development. Two novel nonhuman dna fragments were dis covered in an. Terms in this set 39 there are 8 human herpesvirus types.
The predominant route of hhv8 transmission is sexual. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8, also known as kaposis sarcoma ksassociated herpesvirus, is the etiologic agent responsible for all types of ks. Human herpesvirus hhv 8 or kaposis sarcoma associated herpesvirus kshv is the newest member of the hhv family, discovered almost a decade ago in kaposis sarcoma ks tissue 1, 2, 3. Kaposis sarcoma herpesvirus human herpesvirus8 kshvhhv8. Two novel nonhuman dna fragments were discovered in an aidsrelated. Human herpesvirus 8 a novel human pathogen virology. Isolated in 1986 during attempts to find novel viruses in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases, hhv6 is now recognized as a tcell lymphotropic virus with high affinity for cd4 lymphocytes. Human herpesvirus 6 hhv6 was the sixth herpesvirus discovered.
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